Quapaw Vocabulary

Vocabulary Decomposition for Estonian Open Vocabulary Speech Recognition

Speech recognition in many morphologically rich languages suffers from a very high out-of-vocabulary (OOV) ratio. Earlier work has shown that vocabulary decomposition methods can practically solve this problem for a subset of these languages. This paper compares various vocabulary decomposition approaches to open vocabulary speech recognition, using Estonian speech recognition as a benchmark. C...

Running head : LEARNING VOCABULARY THROUGH READING Learning Vocabulary through Reading

The pace of vocabulary growth helps predict later vocabulary skill.

Children vary widely in the rate at which they acquire words--some start slow and speed up, others start fast and continue at a steady pace. Do early developmental variations of this sort help predict vocabulary skill just prior to kindergarten entry? This longitudinal study starts by examining important predictors (socioeconomic status [SES], parent input, child gesture) of vocabulary growth b...

Vocabulary and Environment Adaptation in Vocabulary-Independent Speech Recognition

In this paper, we are looking into the adaptation issues of vocabulary-independent (VI) systems. Just as with speakeradaptation in speaker-independent system, two vocabulary adaptation algorithms [5] are implemented in order to tailor the VI subword models to the target vocabulary. The first algorithm is to generate vocabulary-adapted clustering decision trees by focusing on relevant allophones...

Vocabulary Profile as a Measure of Vocabulary Sophistication

This study presents a method that assesses ESL learners’ vocabulary usage to improve an automated scoring system of spontaneous speech responses by non-native English speakers. Focusing on vocabulary sophistication, we estimate the difficulty of each word in the vocabulary based on its frequency in a reference corpus and assess the mean difficulty level of the vocabulary usage across the respon...